15. Comments on The Stability of a Spherical Nebula, James H. Jeans, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 199, 1-53, 1902. by Carl H. Gibson, 7430-7484.

This paper provides the fluid mechanical basis of the LambdaCDMHC cosmological model. It neglects viscosity, diffusivity, density (the "Jeans' swindle"), and turbulence. The Jeans length scale V_S x tau_g is presented as the only important length scale of self gravitational instability, where V_S is the speed of sound, tau_g is the gravitational free fall time ~(rho G)^-1/2, rho is density and G is Newton's gravitational constant. Photon kinematic viscosity triggers fragmentation of the plasma at supercluster mass during the plasma epoch starting at 10^12 seconds and ending with galaxy mass at 10^13 seconds (300,000 years) at the transition to gas. Primordial gas viscosity decreases by a factor of 10^13 from that of the plasma, triggering rapid fragmentation of Jeans mass (million solar) clumps of Schwarz viscous scale Earth-mass (millionth solar) gas planets.

16. Comments on Turbulence in the Ocean, Atmosphere, Galaxy, and Universe, Carl H. Gibson, Appl. Mech. Rev. 49, no. 5, May 1996, 299-315. by Carl H. Gibson, 7485-7523.

Oversimplifications of the Jeans 1902 theory are corrected by HydroGravitational Dynamics (HGD) cosmology. The dark matter of galaxies is identified as Earth mass planets in Jeans mass (proto-globular-star-cluster PGC) clumps. A series of hydrodynamic "Schwarz" scales are derived to describe the self-gravitational fragmentation process as it occurs in the expanding universe. Fossils of big bang turbulence are amplified and stretched by the expansion of space (see CMB evidence in papers of Sreenivasan and Bershadskii). Turbulence is defined based on inertial vortex forces, so it must cascade from small scales to various possible larger fossilization scales, contrary to (now obsolete) standard turbulence models.

17. Comments on Microlensing Variability of the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q0957 + 561 A,B, Rudolph E. Schild, The Astrophysical Journal, 464:124-130, June 10, 1996. by Carl H. Gibson, 7524-7530.

Twinkling frequencies of the subtracted time delayed A,B images of the quasar show the dominant point mass objects of the lensing galaxy are not stars but small planetary mass objects, interpreted by Schild as the inner-halo missing mass of the lensing galaxy.

18. Clumps of hydrogenous planetoids as the dark matter of galaxies, Carl H. Gibson and Rudolph E. Schild, arXiv:astro-ph/9908335v2. Submitted to ApJ in 1996. 7531-7552.

Many versions of this initial HGD preprint have been rejected during 1996-date by the astronomical and astrophysical literature (ApJ, AJ, PASP, A&A, MNRAS etc.) because HGD rejects the standard (linear and collisionless) LambdaCDMHC fluid mechanics (Jeans 1902) model. Linear perturbation stability analysis cannot be used to accurately describe turbulence or self-gravitational processes. Both self-gravity and turbulence are absolutely unstable non-linear physical processes and become extremely intermittent in space and time.

19. Quasar-microlensing versus star-microlensing evidence of small-planetary-mass objects as the dominant inner-halo galactic dark matter, Carl H. Gibson and Rudolph E. Schild, arXiv:astro-ph/9904362v3. Submitted to ApJ in 1996. 7553-7589.

Several star microlensing consortia (MACHO, OGLE, EROS etc.) fail to detect small-planetary-mass objects as the dominant inner-halo galactic dark matter because they assume the objects are not in clumps but are uniformly distributed. Preprints such as this example have been repeatedly rejected by the astronomical and astrophysical literature simply because HGD cosmology rejects the standard (now termed Concordance Cosmology) LambdaCDMHC model.

III. DARK ENERGY FALSIFICATION, SUPERMASSIVE AND ROTATING BLACK HOLES, MECHOS