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Volume 27
Time Dilation Cosmology
An Eternally Evolving Model of an Infinite SpaceTime/Quantum Continuum
PREFACE TO VOL. 27
by Editor-in-Chief Rudolph E. Schild
May 2025
In this volume, we have been pleased to present a groundbreaking series of six papers by Capt. Joseph H.
(Cass) Forrington, whose work challenges prevailing assumptions in modern cosmology and general
relativity. Under the unifying theme of Time Dilation Cosmology (TDC), these papers collectively
propose that time, not space, is the principal variable through which the dynamics of the universe
must be understood.
Conventional cosmology has long emphasized spatial expansion and gravitational force as central to
interpreting the structure and evolution of the cosmos. In contrast, Forrington's model reorients
our perspective: time dilation, a well-observed consequence of relativity, becomes the causal agent
underlying gravitational phenomena, galactic formation, quantum behavior, and even the nature of
black holes.
The opening paper, General Relativity: Effects in Time as Causation, introduces the core premise:
that gravitational and orbital dynamics can be fully explained by time dilation effects alone,
without resorting to Newtonian force models or the gravitational constant G. The subsequent papers
expand on this vision, mathematically deriving orbital velocities, relativistic curvature, and
universal structure from time-based principles. The holographic implications of this model suggest
that all physical forces may emerge from time dilation gradients across spacetime, a unified field
that dissolves the boundary between gravity and quantum mechanics.
In this reimagined cosmology, black holes are not singularities but spacetime vortices, massless,
dynamic regions known as Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs). Spiral galaxies are
shaped not by dark matter halos but by the underlying geometry of time. The cosmic redshift is
interpreted not as evidence of spatial expansion but of temporal dilation, offering alternative
explanations for observational data from instruments such as the James Webb Space Telescope.
The final two papers extend the theory into deeper territory: first, providing mathematical proofs
for the √3 and √2 temporal and spatial acceleration factors that appeared
during the original velocity formula derivations, and then
venturing into the metaphysical implications of a universe defined by time. Here, Forrington
provocatively suggests that life and consciousness may be inseparable from the origin of the
spacetime continuum itself.
While the Time Dilation Cosmology model departs from mainstream frameworks, it is presented here not
as dogma but as a rigorously constructed and boldly original alternative—one that invites scrutiny,
experimentation, and dialogue. Whether ultimately confirmed, refined, or refuted, its contribution
to cosmological thought is undeniable: it asks us to reconsider the nature of time itself, and in
doing so, reopens the most fundamental questions of physics and existence.
1. Capt. Joseph H. (Cass) Forrington, General Relativity: Effects in Time as Causation,
This paper is a major expansion of the original version first published as #21 in Vol. 26, on 29 July 2019. It now contains the time dilation formulas, where To = the time dilation factor, for
Planetary/Moon, $$ V = {c \sqrt{1-To}}.$$ and Galactic rotation, $$ V = {c \sqrt{1-To} \over \sqrt{3}}.$$ velocities, and the Vis-Viva formula, which means the paper provides the time dilation formulas
for all gravitationally induced velocities in the universe. Other formulas are for the force in time in Newtons, the mass inside a stellar circle, the Hamiltonian, and more, showing the direct
relationship between time dilation and velocity, with no need of the Gravitational constant, G.
The galactic and planetary orbital velocities are explained mathematically through a proper application of time dilation within the continuum,
rather than Newtonian physics in space, demonstrating that these velocities are merely compensation for the slower rates of time in masses in a continuum evolving forward overall at c.
The James Webb space telescope discovery of galaxies like GLASSz-13, z = 13.0, and other galaxies in the z= 13.2+ range, prove the validity of this model's view of the cosmological horizon.
LIGO'S Sept. 14, 2015 detection of a "gravity wave" is a proof that spacetime is a continuum, and a proof of the nature of the evolving continuum is IBEX failing to find a shock wave at the edge of
the heliopause as expected, because the heliosphere is not "moving through space", but is evolving through the continuum. This is reaffirmed by the "dead zone" discovered by Voyager 1
The origin of spacetime is explained. This is a new continuum-based model based on time dilation that eliminates LamdaCDM; Dark Energy and CDM.
A second paper by Capt. Forrington, Time Dilation
Cosmology, was published in the Journal of Modern Physics on 29 May 2023. As (1-To) = the difference in the rate of time, dRt, between the far distant observer outside all
gravitational fields and the coordinate point that paper further reduces the formulas to terms of the dRt and contains solutions using those formulas and other additional formulas. New concepts
are also introduced regarding spiral galaxy formation and other topics.
A third paper by Capt. Forrington,
Time Dilation Cosmology 2, was published
in the Journal of Modern Physics on 22 March 2024.
This paper is a further elaboration of the author's Time Dilation Cosmology (TDC) holographic model that ties gravitation and celestial mechanics and kinematics directly to time dilation, resolving all
the major conundrums in astrophysics, and ties astrophysics directly to quantum physics. It begins with a brief summary of the TDC model and contains the new derivation for the time dilation version of
the formula for summing relativistic velocities, Einstein's gravitational constant and the time dilation versions for the Lorentz factor and the Euclidean norm of the 3d velocity vector, the two of which
can then be used in the Four-velocity formula. It is demonstrated how orbital curvature is manifested as the resultant of two time dilation-manifested velocities. It also explains why an interferometer
cannot distinguish free fall from zero gravity and further elaborates on the author's previous explanations of how spiral galaxies are formed, and contains mathematical proof that Black Holes are
actually Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are massless spacetime vortices.
A fourth paper by Capt. Forrington,
The Unified Field, was published
in the Journal of Modern Physics on 27 June 2024.
This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light,
c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. There is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, the Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. These
evolutions are gravity, which is the evolutionary force in time.. Gravitational velocities are compensation for the difference in the rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and the ?dRt is equal to
the compensatory velocity's percentage of c, and is a measure of the force in time inducing the velocity. In applied force induced velocities, the dRt is a measure of the resistance in time to the
induced velocity, which might be called "anti-gravity" or "negative gravity". The two effects keep the continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated that gravity is already a part of
the electromagnetic field equations in way of the dRt element contained in the TDC velocity formula. Einstein's energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for charged
elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of the Lorentz force ties gravity directly to the electromagnetic field proving the unified field of gravity and the EMF. It is noted how
we could possibly create gravity drives. This is followed by a discussion of black holes, proving supermassive objects, like massive black hole singularities, are impossible, and that black holes are
massless Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are vortices in spacetime.
A fifth paper by Capt. Forrington,
Time Dilation
Cosmology 3: Mathematical Proof of the √*radic3 Temporal and *radic;2 Spatial Acceleration
Factors, was published in the Journal of Modern Physics on 12 November 2024.
This paper is a mathematical proof of the acceleration factors in time annd space used in Time dilation Cosmology.
A sixth paper by Capt. Forrington,
Time Dilation Cosmology 3: Life and the
Origin of the Spacetime/Quantum Continuum, was published in the Journal
of Cosmolgy, Vol. 20, on 3 January 2025, as were comments by Guest Editor for Volume 20, Theodore
Walker Jr.
This paper ties science and religion together and was reviewed by a theologian, not a physicist, for its inclusion in the
Journal of Cosmology.
Capt. Forrington is a Cum Laude graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York, 1972. He has had a lifelong interest
in quantum physics, relativity and cosmology.
One particular statement he read decades ago about General Relativity describing the "curvature of events in the forward direction of time", often came back to occupy his thoughts and, in 2013,
he had an inspiration regarding gravity as an evolution of events in the forward direction of time within the quantum continuum that sent him back to school to refresh his calculus, then study quantum
mechanics and tensor calculus
so he could develop his concept further from there. For the concept to work, the Hubble shift had to be able to be explained as being due to time dilation and it took three years of attempts to finally
arrive at the final, definitive, derivation.
pp 15110 - 15145.
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